河流及渔塘底质耗氧变化研究

底质耗氧是影响水体溶解氧含量的重要因素。通过对河流及渔塘的底质耗氧进行测定分析，相应得出了影响底质耗氧量变化的主要因素。     

大港油田氧化塘生物处理采油废水

大港油田采用氧化塘生物处理技术对采油废水进行处理,经过五年的运行实践表明,处理效果显著,去除率逐年提高,运行稳定。COD、石油类、SS去除率2000年至2004年分别由43%、51%、-14%提高到77%、98%、26%。氧化塘生物处理技术投资少、运行费用低,处理成本小于0.2元/m3。     

提高缺氧池脱氮效率的几个重要因素

以焦化废水处理工程为实例,证实了缺氧池在焦化废水脱氨氮的作用,并从理论上及实际应用中进行了探讨,对缺氧池的几个工艺参数进行了筛选确定.     

Stratification and Circulation in a Shallow Turbid Waterbody

Shallow waterbodies are often assumed to be well mixed in the vertical. However, when they are characterised by high turbidity levels, absoption of solar heating within a relatively thin surface layer can produce thermal stratification. Results from an intensive monitoring program have been combined with three-dimensional circulation modelling to examine the diurnal stratification cycles in a small turbid waterbody. The waterbody, known as Rushy Billabong, is located in southeastern Australia and its high turbidity coupled with forcing by wind and solar radiation resulted in regular diurnal cycles of stratification and overturning. Under conditions of light wind and high solar radiation, the model results were generally consistent with the observed temperature field. However, under stronger winds, preferential cooling and sinking of shallow water around the edge of the lake began to contribute significantly to the interior stratification. Model estimates then became more sensitive to the detailed bathymetry and the choice of turbulence parameterisation. The level of stratification is also shown to influence the circulation in the billabong by trapping the wind-driven flow near the surface. Insights provided by the observations and modelling may have broader implications for the management of small turbid systems such as settling ponds, aquaculture ponds, and some natural wetlands.     

FUTURE SOURCES OF COOLING WATER FOR POWER PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Electric generation facility water requirement will increase substantially in the future in the Western United States because new power plants are to be constructed at inland sites rather than on the coast. At the inland locations, power plants will have to compete with agriculture and public users for fresh water supplies, and will be constrained by environmental legislation to dispose of cooling waste water in lined evaporation ponds. The various options for power plant cooling are analyzed in respect to cost, water consumption, and environmental hazard, and also in respect to their compatibility with existing state and federal regulations. Several proposals for balancing the water requirements of various users in water-scarce areas are reviewed and criticized.     

生态稳定塘系统在城市污水处理中的应用

介绍了生态稳定塘系统在德州市城市污水处理中的应用情况,对工程设计参数及其设计特色作了重点介绍。     

农田排灌水的稳定塘-植物床复合系统处理

采用稳定塘-植物床系统处理农田排灌水,植物床栽植茭草和芦苇.监测结果表明,雨季、旱季平均流量分别为417.1,206.8m3/d,无降雨期间渗漏、蒸发蒸腾损失的水量之和占进水的42.1%～60.5%.系统雨季进水COD、总氮(TN)、氨氮和总磷(TP)平均浓度分别为97.9,8.09,3.38,0.69mg/L,旱季分别为112,7.76,3.78,0.98mg/L.各项污染物平均去除率大于57%.芦苇和茭草的生长速度在5月最大.因植物收割去除的N和P量分别占进水的14.6%和27.1%.从2002年4月~2003年7月湿地截留SS量为297.5m³.     

基于光谱分析仪的通量-梯度法测量小型池塘水-气界面温室气体交换通量

小型池塘作为内陆水体的一部分,是被忽视的温室气体重要排放源.本研究主要利用通量-梯度方法测量长江三角洲地区的一处小型池塘水-气界面温室气体(CO_2和CH_4)交换通量.结果表明:1零梯度测试结果显示本套通量-梯度系统测量H_2O、CO_2和CH_4通量的精度分别为7.525 W·m-2、0.022 mg·(m2·s)-1、0.054μg·(m2·s)-1,并且在正常实验观测期间3种气体(H_2O、CO_2和CH_4)的通量值分别有84%、80%和94%的结果高于零梯度测试精度,以上结果可以保证本套通量-梯度系统具有足够的精度测量池塘水-气界面温室气体交换通量;2通量-梯度计算结果表明此小型池塘在夏季为CO_2和CH_4的排放源,其排放通量平均值分别为0.038 mg·(m2·s)-1和0.889μg·(m2·s)-1,其中CH_4排放通量远高于内陆湖泊甲烷排放通量的中值,说明小型池塘的温室气体排放量是估算内陆水体温室气体排放量特别是CH_4排放量中不可忽视的重要量值,本研究结果可为准确估算区域温室气体排放量提供科学参考.     

闽江河口养殖塘水体溶存氧化亚氮浓度及扩散通量研究

水产养殖生态系统由于其高氮负荷而成为氧化亚氮(N_2O)的潜在释放源.本文以福建闽江河口养虾塘为研究对象,采用静态顶空-气相色谱法测定分析了表层水体溶存N_2O浓度和饱和度,基于薄边界层模型计算了水-气界面N_2O扩散通量,在此基础上结合气象要素与水环境因子分析其主要影响因素.结果表明,养殖塘水体溶存N_2O浓度和饱和度的均值分别为17.96 nmol·L~(-1)和198.03%,时间变化上表现为养殖中期显著高于养殖末期和初期,且具有一定的日变化特征.相关分析表明,N_2O浓度及饱和度与温度、水体NH~+_4-N和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关(p0.05),与气压、风速和水体pH值呈显著负相关(p0.05).LM86、W92和RC01模型估算的养殖塘水-气界面N_2O扩散通量的均值分别为20.80、183.75和298.52 nmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),3种扩散通量均呈现出随着养殖时间推移显著增加的特征,风速和水体溶存N_2O是影响河口养殖塘N_2O扩散通量的重要因子.N_2O扩散通量与扩散系数的取值密切相关,但不同模型方程计算得出的扩散系数存在显著差异,比较发现,RC01模型更适合河口区养殖塘水-气界面N_2O扩散通量估算.本研究结果可为完善水产养殖生态系统的N_2O排放清单编制和近海水环境保护提供一定的科学依据.     

亚热带河口陆基养虾塘水体CDOM三维荧光光谱平行因子分析

利用三维荧光光谱平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)技术,对我国亚热带地区闽江、木兰溪、九龙江河口滨海陆基养虾塘水体的有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)进行了组分及来源分析.研究表明从养虾塘水体CDOM荧光光谱中解析出4个有效PARAFAC荧光组分,包括2种类蛋白质物质和2种类腐殖酸物质,其中类蛋白质组分是河口陆基养虾塘水体中CDOM的主要组成部分.水体的荧光指数FI和自生源指标BIX表明河口区滨海陆基养虾塘水体中CDOM的强自生来源贡献.而腐殖化指标HIX表明养殖塘水体具有弱腐殖化特征.类蛋白质组分与类腐殖质组分之间可能具有相同的来源属性和地化行为,盐度与CDOM呈现极显著负相关,而DOC与CDOM中类腐殖质组分(C2、C3)呈现显著正相关.本研究为进一步揭示养虾塘水体CDOM的光化学性质提供了科学依据.